Programs In Higher Education Institutions Research Articles

Analyzing color training in design education: A review from 2010 to 2022

AbstractThis study was part of a doctoral research project which looked into the current issues with color education, documented by several authors in recent years. It presents a comprehensive analysis of 103 color courses taught within design programs of higher education institutions from different countries over the last 12 years, 2010–2022. The analysis aimed to define the state‐of‐the‐art of including color training within higher education design programs, identify the main didactic strategies implemented, and recognize the main critical aspects to face when proposing an innovative framework for color training. Among the formal aspects analyzed are the course level, the course duration, the student entry profile, the specific disciplinary area, the course location, the type of institution, and the language of the course. The didactic strategy elements analyzed were the learning outcomes, the contents proposed by the course, the teaching strategies implemented, and the suggested bibliography. Finally, a description of the main findings of the analysis is provided to assess how color is being taught within the design area.

Ayat Hadits Sebagai Pedoman Pendidikan: Membentuk Etika dan Moral Mahasiswa

This research investigates the impact of selected Hadith verses on shaping the ethics and morals of university students. Focusing on the positive influence of these Hadiths, the study explores the concrete moral guidance provided and the diversity of effects on individuals. Through a qualitative approach involving in-depth interviews and quantitative analysis of survey data, the research reveals that the Hadiths significantly contribute to the moral development of students. Several key Hadiths were examined, such as the emphasis on the purity of the heart, the importance of honesty, the promotion of empathy, and the obligation to seek knowledge. The findings indicate a positive correlation between understanding and applying these Hadiths and the development of strong moral values. The diversity of individual responses showcases the varied impact of Hadiths, enriching the overall moral fabric within the university environment. The relevance of these Hadiths to students' daily lives is highlighted, emphasizing their application in navigating academic challenges and fostering positive interpersonal relationships. The study's implications for moral education programs in higher education institutions are discussed, emphasizing the need to integrate these Hadiths into the curriculum. Overall, this research contributes valuable insights into the role of Hadiths in shaping the ethical foundations of university students, paving the way for more effective moral education strategies in academic settings.

Scoping Review of Workplace Mental Health and Well-Being Programs in Higher Education Institutions.

To conduct a scoping review of stressors in higher education institutions (HEIs), exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, and identify successful interventions. We reviewed 79 studies published between January 2020 and January 2023. Stressors were organized into psychosocial, organizational, and environmental categories. They included high job demand/low control; work/personal life imbalance; pressure to publish; lack of resources; low perceived organizational support; and fear of infection. Interventions included providing back-up childcare; employee assistance programs; financial well-being resources; paid medical leave; flexible work arrangements; greater transparency in decision-making; leadership development; and adaptive physical space design. Mental health and well-being interventions directed at faculty and staff in HEIs are needed given the many stressors faced by this workforce. Several interventions are highlighted in the literature, but most are speculative regarding their impact, given the limited number of outcome studies.

Expotecnología 2022

Expotecnología 2022 was an event that took place in the city of Cartagena de Indias, from November 2 to 6, 2022, with the slogan “The future of engineering in the face of technological disruption” This eighteenth version was a meeting that brought together the scientific and academic community in spaces for the dissemination and transfer of knowledge, where innovation was the essence and a fundamental part of the event. Expotecnología was created in the Faculty of Engineering Sciences - FACI, of the Antonio de Arévalo University Foundation - UNITECNAR and in this version it maintained as mission, the development of the interaction between science, technology and society, through establishing of knowledge networks and academic and professional cooperation. The main objective was to address the challenges that emerge from the everyday life of the engineering community, the problems immersed in the development of projects and programs of Higher Education Institutions (IES), organizations and research centers at the national and international level. In the development of the day of presentations in a virtual way, it was possible to promote the dissemination of the research work of professionals, teachers and students from all areas of engineering, framed in four (4) thematic axes, as follows:• New technologies: Big data, Artificial Intelligence, Business Intelligence, Software Engineering, Education and new technologies and Mobile Applications.• Petrochemicals and process control: Materials Science, Instrumentation and Control Systems, Robotics and Automation and Industrial Maintenance.• Electricity, electronics and telecommunications: IoT, Fiber optics, Digital Signal Processing, Wireless Networks, Mobile Communications, Power Systems, Energy Storage, Smart Grids, Renewable Energies, Operation and Distribution, Energy Dispatch, Energy Markets• Construction Summit: Modern Building Systems and Computational Modeling.On this occasion, the event was attended by 512 people, representatives from 25 national and 6 international universities. 32 presentations were made, of which 32 articles were selected for this volume of the IOP Conference Cycle: Materials Science and Engineering and 13 articles for the book Engineering, Innovation and the fourth industrial revolution., After a process of Peer Review. The plenary conferences were in charge of 2 national and 8 international speakers .List of Invited speakers, Organizing Committee, Special thanks are available in this pdf.

Quality Indicators for the Implementation of Educational Programmes in Higher Education Institutions

The article identifies and substantiates indicators of the quality of educational activities as a practical tool in the system of monitoring the quality of higher education at the local level. The following research approaches to the study of the phenomenon of ensuring the quality of higher education were applied: study of the proceedings of the annual International Research and Development Conference “Development of Internal Quality Assurance Systems in the HEIs of Ukraine: Tools and Challenges”; analysis of the results of scientific research of the Institute of Higher Education of NAES of Ukraine; generalisation of the results of analytical research on the state of development of the system of internal quality assurance of education in Ukrainian universities, conducted by the International Foundation for Research of Educational Programmes; study of thematic informational and analytical materials available on the world wide web; analysis of the official websites of the HEIs, namely, the categories of the system of internal quality assurance of higher education; study of information on the self-assessment of educational programmes that have been uploaded to the National Agency for Higher Education Quality Assurance system since September 2022, namely, the analysis of strengths and weaknesses in the implementation of the educational programmes in such specialities as 231 Social Work, 232 Social Security, 053 Psychology at the levels of Bachelor, Master, Doctor of Philosophy, etc. Based on the best experience of Ukrainian higher education institutions, the following list of indicators is suggested: the development of educational programmes, their monitoring and periodic updating, the dynamics of the contingent for EPs, the quality of educational resources and information support for students, the quality of teaching under EPs, the conditions for the formation of an individual educational trajectory, the internationalisation of educational programmes, the combination of training and research during the implementation of educational programmes, the share of EP graduates employed in the speciality, the transparency and objectivity of control measures, the observance of academic integrity, the analysis of surveys of educational process participants, ensuring information openness, the historical and cultural component of the educational process, ensuring a culture of quality among all the educational process participants.

FACTORS AND REASONS FOR CHANGES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS OF WHOLESALE ORGANIZATIONS OF SMALL BUSINESSES IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

The article is devoted to determining the factors and reasons influencing the choice of effective sales channels of wholesale organizations belonging to small business entities in the digital economy. The author justified the inevitability of the transformation of traditional distribution channels of wholesale small business companies and outlined the trends in the promotion and sale of goods, taking into account new opportunities for the introduction of ready-made digital solutions and their accessibility for small businesses. The results of the conducted research can have practical application in the form of recommendations on the choice of effective sales channels in the management of business processes. The materials of this study can be used in the training programs of higher educational institutions in the direction of “Trade” and in advanced training programs.

Exploring the Attrition of Low-Income Students From Associate Degree Programs in Jamaica, After Receiving Full Financial Support

Financial barriers are readily touted as constraints facing low-income students who attempt to pursue studies at higher education institutions. With the removal of the barrier of tuition fees, this research study explored the reasons why low-income students still decided to drop out of their respective programs in higher education institutions in Jamaica, although full financial support was received. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 participants from two higher education institutions in Jamaica. Four themes emerged from the study as the reasons for their attrition, namely, the prioritization of financial needs, unsatisfactory academic performance, personal emotional issues, and program issues. These findings confirm that in addition to financial support to cover tuition fees, there are additional considerations for donor agencies as well as higher education institutions, if low-income students are to be aptly supported, and the risk of attrition, mitigated.

Web-Based Student Internship Attendance Application System for Effective Student Attendance Monitoring

The Web-Based Student Internship Attendance Application System revolutionizes the management of internship programs in higher education institutions and companies. This innovative platform addresses the critical need for a streamlined process in handling internship attendances, a vital component of higher education that equips students with essential real-world experience. Traditional methods of managing these attendances have been fraught with complexity and inefficiency. Our system introduces a user-friendly, web-based interface that enables students to record their daily attendance effortlessly using mobile devices or computers. Beyond mere attendance tracking, the system empowers students to submit detailed reports on their daily assignments and experiences. For program organizers, the system provides instantaneous access to attendance data, thereby facilitating better management and evaluation of the internship programs. Key benefits of this system include enhanced efficiency, improved accuracy, and greater transparency in attendance recording. Its capability to minimize human error in attendance tracking and to maintain a comprehensive historical record of data is invaluable for assessing program effectiveness and informing future improvements. This advancement in internship management through web technology not only enriches the student experience but also aids educational institutions and companies in optimizing their internship programs. The Web-Based Student Internship Attendance Application System represents a significant step towards modernizing and elevating the quality of internship management

The impact of the transformation of the financial sector on the construction of a professional career of a financier at the present stage

The article discusses some areas of transformation of the Russian financial sector at the present stage, which have an impact on the professional requirements for economists and financiers. It is established that digitalization and automation of routine processes increases the requirements for the quality of training and the level of knowledge of financial sector specialists, and insufficient knowledge of modern in-demand competencies creates barriers to building a professional career. Expert analysis and questioning of students allowed to identify possible career barriers, which are classified as subjective and objective. In this regard, ways to improve financial educational programs of higher educational institutions are proposed in order to train competitive and highly qualified personnel.

Academic Procrastination in College Students: Do Academic Burnout and Smartphone Addiction Matter?

Academic procrastination is a behavior commonly exhibited by college students. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of academic burnout and smartphone addiction on academic procrastination, both partially and simultaneously. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, involving 214 students from a state university in Jambi Province, Indonesia. We adapted the Short Form of the Academic Procrastination Scale, the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory – Student Version (OLBI-S), and the Smartphone Addiction Scale - Short Version (SAS-SV) for data collection. The data were analyzed using simple and multiple linear regression. The findings suggest that academic burnout and smartphone addiction are predictors of academic procrastination, with a stronger effect observed from smartphone addiction on academic procrastination. This research has significant implications for addressing academic procrastination by reducing academic burnout and smartphone addiction. Interventions targeting self-regulation could also be pursued, as they have proven effective across all variables examined. The implementation of guidance and counseling programs in higher education institutions should be optimized to cultivate an effective student lifestyle.

Translating Nature-Based Solutions for Water Resources Management to Higher Educational Programs in Three European Countries

Climate change has increasing impacts of hydro-meteorological extremes on water resources. Projections indicate a similar trend and challenge in the effectiveness of conventional engineering solutions in climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategies. Nature-based solutions (NbSs) have been promoted as viable approaches and measures that complement engineering solutions. While the effects of NbSs have been increasingly demonstrated, their broader implementation can be favoured by NbSs knowledge integration in higher education curricula. Knowledge on how the research practice is translated into the educational landscape is missing. This paper adopts the concept of knowledge translation and analyses the integration of NbSs in the study programs of higher education institutions in three European countries (Croatia, Czechia, and Slovenia). Specifically, it explores the extent, thematic areas, and curricular settings of NbSs related to water resources management in implemented curricula at public universities. The results show that NbSs are integrated in a limited number of courses within the relevant study programs (in the fields of, e.g., natural sciences, geography, and engineering and technology) and represent rather an extension of compulsory curricula. Bibliometric analysis revealed that most courses involving the NbSs approach still represent a personalized knowledge, i.e., developed by professors during their research activities. The barriers impairing a broader integration of NbSs in the studied programs are then discussed. Our results therefore indicate that NbSs do not represent a mainstream knowledge that would proliferate into higher education curricula through accreditations procedures, but that the knowledge that is mostly integrated through direct incremental implementation of NbSs in the individual compulsory lessons or facultative courses. We assert that without broader and systematic NbSs knowledge translation to study programs, the effectiveness of climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction strategies cannot be fully achieved.

Socio-pedagogical conditions for the development of future social workers’ soft skills

The article is devoted to the problem of developing future social workers’ social skills (soft skills). The relevance of the study is due to the public need for training competent and competitive social workers who are able to solve various social issues in society promptly and in a team, creatively perform social tasks, have motivation for self-development and self-realization. For this purpose, such research methods as the analysis and generalization of normative, literary sources, educational and scientific programs of higher educational institutions on the investigated problem, as well as questionnaires among students of higher education at bachelor's and master's levels – future social workers – were used. We understand soft skills as social skills – skills, abilities and characteristics that allow one to be competitive and successful in professional activities. As a result of the survey conducted among students of 9 institutions of higher education, it was found out that 10 skills are the most important soft skills of future social workers: knowledge of a foreign language, an active civic and life position, analytical thinking, communication skills, the ability to inspire new ideas, time management, the ability to build an algorithm of actions to provide the necessary social assistance to people, the ability to resolve conflicts, leadership qualities and the ability to lead, work organization skills. The necessary socio-pedagogical conditions for the effective development of future social workers’ soft skills at a higher education institution were defined and substantiated: the motivation and readiness of future social workers to develop soft skills necessary for successful social work; integration of the development of the complex of social skills "soft skills" in students in the process of educational work and during extracurricular practical social activities; availability and integrative implementation of various forms of "soft skills" development; use of a complex of innovative technologies and interactive methods of "soft skills" development; self-education through the involvement of students in practical social work beyond school hours. The set of factors affecting the introduction of socio-pedagogical conditions for the development of students’ social skills in institutions of higher education is characterized. Integration forms, innovative technologies and methods are highlighted, which are expedient to use in the educational process of modern institutions of higher education for the effective development of future social workers’ soft skills.

Awareness of Copyright Infringement Among Undergraduates of The State Universities in Sri Lanka

Copyright infringement is known as the use of copyrighted works without the permission of the creators, copyright holders or authors. It is a form of dishonesty and a violation of the authors' economic and exclusive rights. In general, copyright infringement activities have taken place in various ways such as theft, piracy, reuse and plagiarism among students pursuing degree programmes in higher education institutions in Sri Lanka. In this backdrop, this study aims to examine awareness of copyright infringement among students pursuing undergraduate degree programmes at state universities in Sri Lanka. The primary and secondary data have been used in the study. The primary data were collected by Self-Administered Questionnaires (SAQ) distributed to 356 of the selected participants. Selected students are continuing their education in 2016/2017, 2017/2018, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, including general and honours degree programmes. The samples were selected based on Random Sampling Method (RSM). All received questionnaires were analysed in a descriptive way with the help of SPSS (Version-26) and the results were presented by illustrating in the form of tables. According to the results, it was found that 58.1% of participants were not aware that copyright infringement as an academic dishonesty, as well as copyright law (Intellectual Property Act No.36 of 2003) which is enforced by Sri Lankan government in order to protect intellectual properties. 77.4% of the participants proved that copyright infringement is a kind of prohibited act in their own religion (Islam, Buddhism, Christianity and Hinduism). Moreover, the main factors that lead to copyright infringement of study samples were a lack of awareness of copyright law (38%), the high cost of textbooks (64.6%), and the fear of having low greats in semester examinations (77.4%). The findings of present study would be important to stimulate academics, library personnel, university officials, and policymakers to think of ways to prevent the students from engaging in copyright infringements in future. Moreover, it is a firm belief of the researchers that findings of this study could be a remarkable starting point for future researchers.

Türkiye’de Zorunlu Arapça Hazırlık Programı (İlahiyat Fakülteleri Çerçevesinde)

In Turkey, state educational institutions start teaching Arabic in the primary and secondary grades and continue through higher education. Undergraduate level Arabic education is provided within the purview of independent or different departments in the Arabic Language and Literature, Arabic Teaching, Translation, and Interpreting programs of higher education institutions. Courses in Arabic Language and Rhetoric are required to be taught throughout at least six semesters in the theology faculties' curricula. Additionally, undergraduate programs that offer instruction in a foreign language, either entirely or in part, must begin with a preparation course. The outcomes and benefits of required foreign language preparation lessons differ because of the different motivations behind them. Nevertheless, taking into account a number of factors, it is possible to conclude that it adds value to undergraduate programs outside of theology faculties in terms of literature and foreign language education, in addition to acquiring communicative Arabic skills, and because it is the language of instruction in theology programs. When thinking about theological faculties in the context of preparatory classes, it is clear that the primary goal is to develop reading comprehension skills, with communicative abilities serving as a backup. In this context, morphology and syntax are provided as the theoretical foundation. This opinion is supported by the relevant units' justifications for opening a preparatory class in general, for being able to follow Arabic language courses in the student's field of study, for being able to read and comprehend the subjects, and for having fundamental Arabic language abilities. It is clear that the goal is to carry it out as a language education, and not built around reading-comprehension of the fundamental Arabic language resources. This study intended to answer questions regarding the mandated Arabic preparatory program within the scope of faculties of theology, including its legal basis, purpose, and practical implementation. It also shed light on the primary issues and practical solutions to those issues. Additionally, specific actions that should and should not be taken to improve the standard and effectiveness of education and training and to guarantee its continuity have been explored and added to the body of literature. In this context, it is clear that there are numerous issues with the Arabic preparatory program that are caused by both theory and practice, as well as the pertinent laws. In particular, structural issues are considered as the main barrier preventing the program from achieving its objective, and it has been found that some secondary issues that are not promptly treated result in more significant issues. Therefore, it has been determined that it is absolutely necessary to create a standard framework, taking into account both national practices and practices in other countries around the World, that can be used as a reference in terms of Arabic education, in which the goals and accomplishments are determined to a large extent, and the differences between institutions are minimized.

Perceptions toward achieving work-life balance and job satisfaction in online teaching

Online teaching has been implemented in the Philippines as a consequence of the critical global crisis that started in early 2020. Many higher education institutions still conduct online classes. However, research studies on employer’s support, workspace, and attitudes of students in relation to work-life balance and job satisfaction of teachers teaching online have been rarely explored, creating a gap in this area. Thus, the major objective of this study is to examine the perceived effects of employer’s support, workspace, and attitudes as teachers pursue work-life balance and job satisfaction in their online teaching job. A total of 256 responses extracted via the Google form link were analyzed with the aid of Smart PLS. Seven of the eight hypotheses tested were supported where p< 0.025, while one was not supported where p > 0.05. The findings revealed that work-life balance is positively influenced by workspace but not students’ attitudes; job satisfaction may be affected by workspace but not work-life balance and full support from an employer; and teaching online is positively affected by workspace and employer’s support but not students’ attitudes.  In conclusion, teachers who teach online experience challenges but  still manage to attain work-life balance and satisfaction from their job. For students who exhibit negative attitudes, this implies that teachers need to talk with them and find out their reasons for doing so. Making their lessons more interesting could minimize such problem. It is highly recommended that future researchers consider adding varied statistical tools, wider sampling of schools for their participants,   and more teachers from community colleges and degree programs of higher education institutions. In order to validate the findings shown in the study, a replication may also be performed in a different region in the country.

METHODS OF TEACHING INFORMATICS IN THE DISCOURSE OF THE EDUCATIONAL AND PROFESSIONAL PROGRAM“SECONDARY EDUCATION (INFORMATICS)”

The importance of methods of teaching computer science in the professional development of students who obtain the qualification of “teacher of computer science” in the educational and professional program “Secondary Education (Computer Science)“ is revealed. On the basis of the interpretation of the concepts of “methodology“ and “methodology of teaching the subject“, the author’s vision of the content of the curriculum in the discipline “Methods of teaching computer science“ is formulated. The educational and professional programs of higher education institutions regarding the availability of the mentioned discipline and the peculiarities of its study, in particular, at Rivne State University of Humanities have been analyzed. The purpose of studying computer science methods is formulated and the tasks (educational, cognitive, educational, practical), the solution of which contributes to the acquisition by students of awareness of the organization of the educational process in computer science in general secondary education institutions, the use of hardware and software, the development of their own and improvement of existing information and resource, educational, didactic and methodological materials are specified. The content of the course “Methods of teaching computer science” should be selected based on computer science as a fundamental science and as a school subject, as well as on teaching methods as an independent science and as a teacher's pedagogical activity. It is noted that the development of information and communication technologies, technical means and programming paradigms sets new goals for computer science and methods of its study, respectively, updating the process of professional training of computer science teachers. The connections of the studied discipline with other subjects of general and professional training are reflected. It is summarized that students obtaining the qualification of “teacher of computer science” should be familiar with the methodology of teaching computer science, its fundamental concepts and didactic principles and, on this basis, develop their own methodology, select and create pedagogically appropriate and balanced program and methodological support for the educational process.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, and queer concerns in professional psychology education

Best practice guidelines for psychologists working with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, and queer+ (LGBTIQ+) people and position statements against “conversion therapies” have been published internationally. These call for professional psychologist education to develop competence for work with this community, but studies show variability and lack of inclusion of LGBTIQ+ content in professional programmes in higher education institutions. A critical narrative review examined approaches to the inclusion of LGBTIQ+ concerns in the education of psychologists. A systematic literature search identified 33 papers for review. Synthesis of findings highlighted benefits and challenges of the cultural competence approach to LGBTQ+ curricular inclusion; a contested pedagogic space relating to religious belief, homophobia, and sexualities; a shift in psychology to include resilience-based frameworks of sexuality and gender diversity; and finally disaggregation of the LGBTQ+ umbrella with emergence of transgender and gender diversity focused research. Lack of research relating to people with intersex variations and the need for LGBTIQ+ representation/voices in this research area were evidenced.

Exploring inequity factors in higher education: Promoting equitable access and success in the US

The issue of equity in higher education has gained prominence as it has become increasingly clear that opportunities for higher education are not equitably distributed among different student groups. This paper provides a thorough understanding of the key components of equitable access and success in higher education, primarily in the context of the United States. It also seeks to explore the effectiveness of affirmative action, financial aid and scholarship systems, successful initiatives, cultural and sociological attitudes, and institutional structures and services in promoting equitable access and success in higher education. The paper uses a systematic review methodology to analyze academic and policy documents, program evaluations, and case studies. The analysis includes a synthesis of key findings and themes from the literature review, an examination of successful initiatives and programs in higher education institutions in the United States. The findings suggest that while affirmative action and financial aid programs have been successful in promoting equitable access and success in higher education, further efforts are needed to address cultural and societal attitudes that perpetuate inequities in higher education. Recommendations for future research include the long-term effects of financial aid and cultural barriers to building a more equitable education.

Teaching Research Methods Courses in Education: Towards a Research-Based Culture

This paper aims to identify and discuss what constitutes a research-based pedagogical culture in teaching research methods courses in master’s and doctoral programs in education. The discussion draws on empirical results of a set of five focus group interviews with teachers responsible for teaching research methods courses in educational programs in higher education institutions in Portugal. Data are analyzed and interpreted within a situated learning framework that acknowledges the relevance of creating social learning spaces which accommodate the variety of students. The article closes with a characterization of what could be a research-based pedagogical culture in teaching research methods in advanced studies in education in the near future.

FUTURE SCENARIOS FOR TOURISM PROGRAMS OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF BUGA AND ITS AREA OF INFLUENCE HORIZON 2021-2030

This research presents an analysis of the strategic prospective of the tourism academic training programs in higher education institutions in the municipality of Guadalajara de Buga and its area of ​​influence: El Cerrito, Ginebra, Guacarí, Restrepo, San Pedro, Yotoco and Calima Darién, (Government of Valle del Cauca., 2016). The objective of this study revolves around two axes: 1. Identify the possible and probable future scenarios of the tourist programs offered by higher education institutions in Guadalajara de Buga and its area of ​​influence; 2. From the identified scenarios, the bet scenario is defined to which the educational institutions that offer the tourist programs should be directed. According to the opinion of experts and key actors, the policies and strategies for the improvement oriented to the development and competitiveness of comprehensive academic training for professional training in tourism are determined by public and private institutions of higher education in Guadalajara de Buga and its area of ​​influence, seeking to generate a positive impact on the environment of the central region of the Valley and enriching its development for its insertion in an  international context. This study applies the methodology proposed in "the toolbox of strategic foresight" and involves other methods such as analysis of importance and governance, as well as elements of sectoral analysis. This research was carried out in two phases: diagnostic and prospective. In the diagnosis, a documentary analysis was carried out, consultation with key actors and experts; Tools such as brainstorming, Regnier's Abacus, structural analysis were applied, and for the design of the scenarios the detailed analysis of the results was used in order to propose the exploratory scenarios and from these propose the bet scenario.